The impact of generative artificial intelligence on personalised formative assessment in higher education

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71068/fw0q7v55

Keywords:

generative artificial intelligence, formative assessment, personalized learning, higher education

Abstract

This study analyzed the impact of generative artificial intelligence on personalized formative assessment in higher education, understood as an innovative process aimed at optimizing academic feedback and adapting learning to individual student needs. In this context, generative artificial intelligence was conceptualized as a technological tool capable of transforming traditional assessment practices through automation and personalization of educational processes. The main objective was to analyze the impact of this technology on the quality of formative assessment and academic performance among university students in Mexico. The methodology was developed under a quantitative approach, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a correlational-explanatory scope. The sample consisted of 200 university students, who were administered a structured questionnaire using a Likert scale. The results showed that generative artificial intelligence had a positive influence on the quality of feedback, learning personalization, and academic performance, highlighting high levels of satisfaction and perceived usefulness among students. In conclusion, it was determined that the implementation of generative artificial intelligence in formative assessment represented an effective strategy to strengthen educational processes in higher education.

References

Area, M., & Adell, J. (2021). Tecnologías digitales y educación superior. Revista de Educación, 392, 45–67. https://doi.org/10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2021-392-478

Bahroun, Z., Anane, C., Ahmed, V., & Zacca, A. (2023). Transforming education: A comprehensive review of generative artificial intelligence in educational settings through bibliometric and content analysis. Sustainability, 15(17), 12983. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712983

Bates, T. (2020). Teaching in a digital age. BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/

Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2019). Feedback in higher education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315100643

Cabero-Almenara, J., et al. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education. Education Sciences, 12(3), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030150

Cotton, D., et al. (2024). AI in higher education ethics. Computers and Education, 190, 104641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104641

Floridi, L., et al. (2020). AI ethics framework. Philosophy & Technology, 33, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-019-00346-0

Fu, Y., Weng, Z., & Wang, J. (2025). Examining AI use in educational contexts: A scoping meta-review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 35, 1388–1444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-024-00442-w

García-Peñalvo, F. (2020). Digital transformation in education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 21, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.22876

Hattie, J. (2021). Visible learning. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429505559

Holmes, W., et al. (2022). AI in education. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org

Jensen, L. X., Buhl, A., Sharma, A., & Blikstein, P. (2025). Generative AI and higher education: A review of claims from the first months of ChatGPT. Higher Education, 89, 1145–1161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01265-3

Jisc. (2022). AI in education report. https://www.jisc.ac.uk

Kasneci, E., et al. (2023). ChatGPT in education. Nature Human Behaviour, 7, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01580-7

Khosravi, H., et al. (2022). AI and learning analytics. Computers & Education, 185, 104529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104529

Laurillard, D. (2021). Teaching as a design science. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315558611

Li, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, B. (2025). A systematic review of artificial intelligence applications in education: Emerging trends and challenges. Data Analytics Journal, 4, 100571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2025.100571

Luckin, R., et al. (2020). AI in education. UCL Press. https://doi.org/10.14324/111.9781787359112

Monib, W. K., Qazi, A., Apong, R. A., Azizan, M. T., De Silva, L., & Yassin, H. (2024). Generative AI and future education: A review, theoretical validation, and authors' perspective on challenges and solutions. PeerJ Computer Science, 10, e2105. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2105

Nicol, D., & Macfarlane-Dick, D. (2020). Formative assessment. Studies in Higher Education, 45(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1688284

Pazmiño Arcos, A. F. (2024). Revolucionando la educación superior: inteligencia artificial para el aprendizaje personalizado y la transformación docente. Sage Sphere of Technology, Sciences, Discoveries And Society, 2(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.63688/ftdznh26

Qian, Y. (2025). Pedagogical applications of generative AI in higher education: A systematic review of the field. TechTrends, 69, 1105–1120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-025-01100-1

Román Medina, SDP, Rodríguez Morales, C., Pazmiño Arcos, AF, & Coral Padilla, SJ (2024). Neurotecnologías en la formación pedagógica: oportunidades y riesgos para la educación superior. NeuroData , 1 , 53. https://neuro.jogbeditorial.ec/index.php/neuro/article/view/53

Selwyn, N. (2020). Should robots replace teachers? Polity Press.

Siemens, G. (2020). Connectivism. International Journal of Instructional Technology, 3(1), 1–8.

Torres Pineda, R. A.., Salazar Novillo, B. F.., Navarrete Villamar, M. M.., Ramirez Cañizares, J. D.., & Tello Castro, K. E. (2025). Inteligencia artificial en educación: innovación radical para personalizar el aprendizaje y potenciar la autonomía estudiantil. Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences, Discoveries, and Society, 2(3), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.71068/45yja104

Wang, X., Zainuddin, Z., & Leng, C. H. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence in pedagogical practices: A systematic review of empirical studies (2022–2024). Cogent Education, 12(1), 2485499. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2485499

Williamson, B., & Eynon, R. (2020). EdTech critical perspectives. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1694945

Xia, Q., Weng, X., Ouyang, F., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2024). A scoping review on how generative artificial intelligence transforms assessment in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(40). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00468-z

Downloads

Published

2025-10-19

How to Cite

Estrella Romero, V. A. (2025). The impact of generative artificial intelligence on personalised formative assessment in higher education. Sapiens in Higher Education, 2(10), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.71068/fw0q7v55